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Educational draft · awaiting clinical reviewUse Rapid for revision, not patient-care decisions. Check current national and local guidance and the BNF or BNFC before acting.
Rapidcardiologyambulatory-ECGHolterloop-recordersyncopepalpitations

Ambulatory ECG and implantable loop monitoring

Essential points for quick revision.

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Escalate

Admit or urgently assess syncope with an abnormal ECG, structural heart disease, exertional or supine occurrence, injury, heart failure, family history of young sudden death, or ongoing unstable arrhythmia; ambulatory monitoring must not replace acute telemetry.

Synopsis

Match ECG-monitor duration and technology to symptom frequency so clinically important intermittent arrhythmias are captured and correlated with events.

  • Choose the monitor from event frequency: short continuous recording for daily events, longer external recording for less frequent events and an implantable recorder for infrequent unexplained syncope.
  • NICE recommends 24-hour ambulatory ECG when suspected paroxysmal AF episodes are less than 24 hours apart or asymptomatic episodes are suspected.
  • For suspected paroxysmal AF with episodes more than 24 hours apart, use longer ambulatory ECG, event recording or another appropriate ECG technology.

Key red flags

High-risk bradyarrhythmia

Symptomatic pauses, high-grade AV block or profound bradycardia require prompt specialist assessment and may lead to pacing.

Investigation priorities

01
24–48-hour continuous ECGFirst step

Capture daily palpitations, frequent presyncope or suspected frequent/asymptomatic AF.

Management branches

Preferred routeIntermittent palpitations

No diagnostic rhythm on a resting ECG

  1. Clarify frequency, duration, regularity, triggers and associated syncope or chest pain; obtain baseline ECG and relevant blood tests.
  2. Select continuous 24-hour monitoring for daily or very frequent episodes and longer patch or event recording for less frequent episodes.
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Sources and review status4 sources · checked 27 Aug 2026 · clinical review pending
Sources

Sources and review status

National guidance is shown before implementation-dependent detail. Typical adult dose examples remain subject to patient factors, contraindications and the live BNF or specialist protocol. Source check completed 27 Aug 2026; clinical approval remains outstanding.

Authoring stateRapid draftClinical stateAwaiting reviewJurisdictionUnited Kingdom