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Educational draft · awaiting clinical reviewUse Rapid for revision, not patient-care decisions. Check current national and local guidance and the BNF or BNFC before acting.
RapidMLAMSRAGP

Congenital nasolacrimal obstruction

Essential points for quick revision.

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A watering infant can have a serious eye disorder

Photophobia with an enlarged or cloudy cornea suggests childhood glaucoma. A tender inflamed tear sac, spreading lid swelling or a newborn with respiratory difficulty requires urgent assessment.

Action: Arrange same-day ophthalmology or acute paediatric assessment according to the presentation; respiratory compromise needs immediate emergency care. Do not place these children on a routine tear-duct waiting pathway.

Synopsis

Distinguish common infant tear drainage delay from glaucoma, neonatal infection and an obstructing lacrimal cyst, and organise proportionate conservative care or specialist referral.

  • Tears normally reach the nose through the puncta, canaliculi, sac and nasolacrimal duct.
  • A persistent distal membrane can cause overflow and intermittent stickiness from early infancy.
  • Simple obstruction usually leaves the cornea clear and the conjunctiva relatively quiet.

Key red flags

Light avoidance, forceful lid closure or corneal enlargement accompanying epiphora.

Investigation priorities

01
General assessment and eye examinationFirst step

Determine whether observation is safe before assigning a drainage diagnosis.

Management branches

Conservative careA comfortable infant with simple drainage delay

Early watering and crusting occur without corneal, systemic or inflammatory warning signs.

  1. Explain the likely drainage mechanism and expected spontaneous improvement during infancy.
  2. Demonstrate clean lid care and a safe downward lacrimal massage technique away from the globe.
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Sources and review status4 sources · checked 7 Sept 2026 · clinical review pending
Sources

Sources and review status

National guidance is shown before implementation-dependent detail. Typical adult dose examples remain subject to patient factors, contraindications and the live BNF or specialist protocol. Source check completed 7 Sept 2026; clinical approval remains outstanding.

Authoring stateRapid draftClinical stateAwaiting reviewJurisdictionUnited Kingdom