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Educational draft · awaiting clinical reviewUse Rapid for revision, not patient-care decisions. Check current national and local guidance and the BNF or BNFC before acting.
RapidMLAMSRAGP

Thyroid eye disease

Essential points for quick revision.

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Suspected dysthyroid optic neuropathy

New colour desaturation, reduced acuity, a field defect or a relative afferent pupil defect in thyroid eye disease may indicate optic-nerve compression, even without striking proptosis.

Action: Arrange immediate ophthalmology assessment, document visual function and protect an exposed cornea; urgent specialist steroid treatment and possible decompression must not wait for routine thyroid follow-up.

Synopsis

Recognise thyroid-related orbital disease, distinguish inflammatory activity from severity, and identify sight-threatening complications requiring immediate specialist care.

  • Thyroid eye disease can occur with normal thyroid function.
  • Activity describes inflammation; severity describes functional and anatomical impact.
  • Smoking increases risk and worsens the clinical course.

Key red flags

New reduction in vision, colour discrimination or visual field.

Investigation priorities

01
Structured ophthalmic baselineFirst step

Measure function, exposure and anatomical change for subsequent comparison.

Management branches

Mild diseaseProtect comfort and identify progression

Surface symptoms or mild changes without threatening visual features.

  1. Coordinate thyroid assessment and offer practical support to stop smoking.
  2. Use lubricants and address nocturnal exposure with the eye team.

Key medicines

Intravenous methylprednisolone for active moderate-to-severe diseaseA standard EUGOGO course is 500 mg intravenously weekly for six weeks, then 250 mg weekly for six weeks: 4.5 g total.
Mycophenolate sodium or mycophenolate mofetilEUGOGO adjunct: enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium 360 mg orally twice daily, totalling 720 mg/day for 24 weeks. If unavailable, the equivalent mofetil regimen is 500 mg twice daily, totalling 1 g/day.
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Sources and review status7 sources · checked 7 Sept 2026 · clinical review pending
Sources

Sources and review status

National guidance is shown before implementation-dependent detail. Typical adult dose examples remain subject to patient factors, contraindications and the live BNF or specialist protocol. Source check completed 7 Sept 2026; clinical approval remains outstanding.

Authoring stateRapid draftClinical stateAwaiting reviewJurisdictionUnited Kingdom