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Chest radiograph interpretation

Essential points for quick revision.

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Escalate

Do not delay treatment for a clinically diagnosed tension pneumothorax, profound respiratory compromise or another immediately reversible threat while seeking a perfect film. A new large pneumothorax, major airway displacement, misplaced airway or vascular device, rapid lobar collapse, extensive oedema or an unexpected critical radiographic finding requires prompt senior review, physiological reassessment and closed-loop communication.

Synopsis

Interpret an adult chest radiograph systematically, recognise urgent thoracic abnormalities, account for technical limitations, and turn an imaging pattern into a safe clinical action rather than an unsupported final diagnosis.

  • Confirm patient, date, indication and comparison films before interpretation; a correct description attached to the wrong patient or old image is still a dangerous error.
  • Judge image quality first using projection, rotation, inspiration, exposure and coverage, because portable AP technique, supine position and poor inspiration can mimic cardiomegaly, basal opacity or vascular congestion.
  • Use a reproducible search pattern: airway and mediastinum, lungs and pleura, cardiac silhouette and hila, diaphragms and upper abdomen, then bones, soft tissues and every line or device.

Key red flags

Pneumothorax pattern

A sharp visceral pleural line with no lung markings beyond it supports pneumothorax. In a supine patient, pleural air may collect anterobasally and produce an abnormally deep costophrenic sulcus rather than a classic apical line. Mediastinal shift is a late radiographic clue and tension remains a clinical diagnosis.

Investigation priorities

01
Radiograph quality assessmentFirst step

Determine whether projection, position, rotation, inspiration, exposure or incomplete coverage could create or conceal the apparent abnormality.

Management branches

First passVerify and assess quality

Every chest radiograph before diagnostic interpretation.

  1. Confirm patient identifiers, acquisition date and time, indication, side markers and whether a relevant earlier image is available.
  2. Identify PA or AP projection, erect or supine position, rotation, inspiratory volume, penetration and anatomical coverage, recording any limitation that changes confidence.
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Sources and review status5 sources · checked 27 Aug 2026 · clinical review pending
Sources

Sources and review status

National guidance is shown before implementation-dependent detail. Typical adult dose examples remain subject to patient factors, contraindications and the live BNF or specialist protocol. Source check completed 27 Aug 2026; clinical approval remains outstanding.

Authoring stateRapid draftClinical stateAwaiting reviewJurisdictionUnited Kingdom